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发布于 2026-06-05 / 0 阅读
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14 - 句法之祈使句

一、核心知识点

1. 祈使句的定义与特点

祈使句用于表达命令、请求、建议、邀请等,通常以动词原形开头,省略主语 you。

特点 说明
主语省略 主语通常是 you,一般省略
动词原形开头 以动词原形开头
无时态变化 一般只有现在时
句末用感叹号或句号 语气强烈用 !,温和用 .

2. 祈使句的类型

类型 结构 例句
肯定祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Open the door.
否定祈使句 Don't + 动词原形 Don't open the door.
Be 型祈使句 Be + 形容词 / 名词 Be quiet. / Be a good boy.
Let 型祈使句 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 Let me help you.
No + 名词/动名词 No + n. / v.-ing No smoking. / No photos.

3. 祈使句的强调

方式 结构 例句
加 do Do + 动词原形 Do sit down.(务必请坐)
加 please Please + 祈使句 / 祈使句 + , please Please open the door. / Open the door, please.
加 always/never Always / Never + 动词原形 Always remember this. / Never tell lies.

二、重点语法规则

规则1:祈使句的反意疑问句

祈使句类型 反意疑问部分
肯定祈使句 will you? / won't you?
否定祈使句 will you?
Let's... shall we?
Let us... will you?

例句: - Open the door, will you? - Don't be late, will you? - Let's go, shall we? - Let us go, will you?

规则2:祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句

结构 含义 例句
祈使句 + and + 陈述句 如果……就…… Work hard, and you will succeed.
祈使句 + or + 陈述句 否则…… Hurry up, or you will be late.

转换理解: - Work hard, and you will succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed. - Hurry up, or you will be late. = If you don't hurry up, you will be late.

规则3:祈使句与感叹句的区别

类型 特点 例句
祈使句 表示命令、请求,以动词原形开头 Be quiet!
感叹句 表示强烈感情,以 What / How 开头 What a beautiful day! / How beautiful!

三、常见易错点

易错点 错误 正确
祈使句用三单 Opens the door. Open the door.
否定祈使句用 doesn't Doesn't open the door. Don't open the door.
Let's 反意疑问用 will you Let's go, will you? Let's go, shall we?
No 后接动词原形 No smoke. No smoking.
祈使句加主语 you You open the door.(不是错误,但不自然) Open the door.

四、典型例题分析

例题1:肯定祈使句

题目:______ me clean the classroom. A. Let B. Let's C. Allow

答案:A. Let

解析:Let me... 表示"让我……"。Let's 是 Let us 的缩写,表示"让我们……"。此处是让我打扫,用 Let me。

例题2:否定祈使句

题目:______ eat or drink here. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't

答案:B. Don't

解析:否定祈使句用 Don't + 动词原形。Not 不能单独构成否定祈使句,doesn't 用于第三人称单数。

例题3:祈使句反意疑问

题目:Don't be late again, ______? A. will you B. shall we C. do you

答案:A. will you

解析:否定祈使句的反意疑问句用 will you。

例题4:祈使句 + and / or

题目:Study hard, ______ you will pass the exam. A. and B. or C. but

答案:A. and

解析:祈使句 + and + 陈述句,表示"如果……就……"。努力学习,你就会通过考试。

例题5:Let's 反意疑问

题目:Let's go to the park, ______? A. will you B. shall we C. do we

答案:B. shall we

解析:Let's(包含说话人和听话人)的反意疑问句用 shall we。

例题6:祈使句与感叹句辨析

题目:______ beautiful the flower is! A. What B. How C. What a

答案:B. How

解析:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!是感叹句结构。What 修饰名词,How 修饰形容词或副词。


五、速记口诀

祈使句口诀

祈使句,无主语,动词原形放句首; 否定 Don't 放前面,Please 可放句首尾; Let's 包含我和你,shall we 来反意疑; Let us 不包含你,will you 来反意疑。

祈使句 + and / or 口诀

祈使句后 and 连,条件肯定结果甜; 祈使句后 or 连接,条件否定后果现。

感叹句口诀

感叹句,并不难,What 或 How 放句前; What 修饰名词,How 修饰形副; 名词前有形和副,What 形名连一起。

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