一、核心知识点
1. 时间介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 具体时刻、年龄、节日 | at 7 o'clock, at noon, at night, at Christmas, at the age of 10 |
| on | 具体某一天、星期、日期 | on Monday, on June 1st, on a cold morning |
| in | 年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上 | in 2024, in May, in summer, in the morning |
| for | 持续一段时间 | for three hours, for two weeks |
| since | 从……开始（时间点） | since 2010, since last year |
| from...to... | 从……到…… | from Monday to Friday |
| before | 在……之前 | before 8 o'clock |
| after | 在……之后 | after school |
| during | 在……期间 | during the holiday |
| between | 在……之间（两者） | between 8 and 9 |
| among | 在……之中（三者及以上） | among the students |
2. 地点介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 小地点、具体位置 | at school, at home, at the bus stop |
| in | 大地点、在……里面 | in China, in the room, in Beijing |
| on | 在……上面（接触） | on the table, on the wall |
| under | 在……下面 | under the chair |
| behind | 在……后面 | behind the door |
| in front of | 在……前面 | in front of the classroom |
| beside / next to | 在……旁边 | beside me, next to the bank |
| between | 在……之间（两者） | between the desk and the chair |
| among | 在……之中（三者及以上） | among the trees |
| across from / opposite | 在……对面 | across from the park |
| near / by | 在……附近 | near the station |
3. 方式介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| by | 乘坐交通工具、通过某种方式 | by bus, by bike, by email |
| on foot | 步行 | go to school on foot |
| in | 用某种语言/材料 | in English, in ink |
| with | 用某种工具/伴随 | write with a pen, go with me |
| without | 没有 | without water |
4. 其他常用介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| of | ……的（所属关系） | a cup of tea, the capital of China |
| to | 去……、给…… | go to school, give it to me |
| for | 为了、给、持续 | for you, for three days |
| with | 和……一起、带有 | with my friend, a girl with long hair |
| about | 关于 | talk about |
| from | 来自 | from China |
二、重点语法规则
规则1：时间介词 at / on / in 的区分
| 时间类型 | 介词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 具体时刻 | at | at 6:30, at noon, at midnight |
| 具体某天/日期 | on | on Monday, on May 1st |
| 较长的时间段 | in | in the morning, in July, in 2024 |
特例： - at night（不用 in） - on the morning of July 1st（具体某天的上午用 on）
规则2：交通工具前的介词
| 表达方式 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| by + 交通工具（零冠词） | by bus, by car, by plane, by train |
| in / on + 限定词 + 交通工具 | in a car, on the bus, on my bike |
| on foot（固定搭配） | go to school on foot |
规则3：in front of vs in the front of
| 短语 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| in front of | 在……（外部的）前面 | There is a tree in front of the house.（树在房子外面） |
| in the front of | 在……（内部的）前部 | He sits in the front of the classroom.（在教室里面的前排） |
三、常见易错点
| 易错点 | 错误 | 正确 |
|---|---|---|
| 星期前介词 | in Monday | on Monday |
| 年份前介词 | on 2024 | in 2024 |
| 具体时刻前介词 | on 7 o'clock | at 7 o'clock |
| by 后交通工具加冠词 | by the bus | by bus |
| in front of 与 in the front of 混淆 | He sits in front of the classroom.（表示在教室外面） | He sits in the front of the classroom.（在教室里面） |
| arrive 后介词 | arrive in the station | arrive at the station（小地点用 at） |
四、典型例题分析
例题1：时间介词
题目：Sue was born ______ 2012. A. is, in B. was, in C. were, on
答案：B. was, in
解析：出生在过去，用一般过去时 was；年份前用介词 in。
例题2：具体日期介词
题目：I was born ______ May 1st, 1990. A. in B. at C. on
答案：C. on
解析：具体某一天（May 1st）前用介词 on。
例题3：交通工具介词
题目：He usually goes to school __ bus, but he went to school ____ foot yesterday. A. by; by B. by; on C. on; by
答案：B. by; on
解析：by bus 是固定搭配，零冠词；on foot 也是固定搭配，表示步行。
例题4：地点介词
题目：There is a book ______ the desk and the chair. A. among B. between C. beside
答案：B. between
解析：between 用于两者之间，among 用于三者及以上。desk 和 chair 是两者，用 between。
例题5：in front of vs in the front of
题目：The teacher's desk is ______ the classroom. A. in front of B. in the front of C. behind
答案：B. in the front of
解析：讲台在教室内部的前方，用 in the front of。in front of 表示在物体外部的前面。
五、速记口诀
时间介词口诀：
at 时刻 on 某天，in 接年月和季节； 上午下午和晚上，in 里头来帮忙； 具体某天早中晚，on 字前面不能忘。
地点介词口诀：
at 小点 in 大面，on 在上边有接触； under 在下 behind 后，beside 旁边要记住； between 两者之间放，among 三者以上用。
交通工具口诀：
by 后交通工具零冠词，on foot 步行要牢记； in the car on the bus，限定词后介词换。