一、核心知识点
1. 基数词(表示数量)
| 范围 | 规律 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| 1-12 | 单独记忆 | one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve |
| 13-19 | 以 -teen 结尾 | thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen |
| 20-90(整十) | 以 -ty 结尾 | twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety |
| 21-99 | 整十 + - + 个位 | twenty-one, thirty-five, ninety-nine |
| 百位 | 基数词 + hundred | one hundred, two hundred(注意:hundred 不加 s) |
| 千位 | 基数词 + thousand | one thousand, five thousand |
| 百万 | 基数词 + million | one million |
注意:hundred, thousand, million 前有具体数字时,不加 s;表示"成百上千"时用 hundreds of, thousands of。
2. 序数词(表示顺序)
| 范围 | 规律 | 例词 |
|---|---|---|
| 第1-第3 | 特殊变化 | first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd) |
| 第4-第19 | 基数词 + th | fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th), thirteenth (13th)... nineteenth (19th) |
| 第20-第90(整十) | 变 y 为 ie + th | twentieth (20th), thirtieth (30th), fortieth (40th)... ninetieth (90th) |
| 第21-第99 | 个位用序数词,十位用基数词 | twenty-first (21st), thirty-second (32nd) |
| 第100 | one hundredth (100th) | |
| 第101 | one hundred and first (101st) |
序数词缩写:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th...
3. 基数词变序数词口诀
基变序,有规律,词尾加上 th; 一、二、三,单独记,first, second, third; 八去 t,九去 e,f 来把 ve 替; 整十变化要注意,变 y 为 ie 再加 th; 若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
二、重点语法规则
规则1:序数词前必须加 the
| 情况 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 一般情况 | Today is the first day of school. |
| 有物主代词时,不用 the | This is my first time here. |
规则2:年、月、日的表达
| 类型 | 表达法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 年份 | 两位两位读 | 1998 → nineteen ninety-eight;2020 → twenty twenty |
| 月份 | 专有名词 | January, February, March... |
| 日期 | 序数词 | May 1st → May (the) first |
| 年月日 | 月 + 日 + 年 | May 1st, 2020 → May (the) first, twenty twenty |
规则3:时间的表达
| 类型 | 表达法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 整点 | 基数词 + o'clock | It's seven o'clock. |
| 半点 | half past + 小时 | It's half past seven. |
| 分钟 ≤ 30 | 分钟 + past + 小时 | It's ten past seven. (7:10) |
| 分钟 > 30 | (60-分钟) + to + (小时+1) | It's ten to eight. (7:50) |
| 一刻钟 | a quarter | It's a quarter past seven. (7:15) |
规则4:分数的表达
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 分子用基数词,分母用序数词 | 1/3 → one third;2/3 → two thirds |
| 分子大于1时,分母加 s | 2/5 → two fifths;3/4 → three fourths |
| 1/2 → a/one half;1/4 → a/one quarter |
规则5:数学运算表达
| 运算 | 表达法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 加法 | plus / and | 3 + 2 = 5 → Three plus two is five. |
| 减法 | minus | 5 - 2 = 3 → Five minus two is three. |
| 乘法 | times / multiplied by | 3 × 2 = 6 → Three times two is six. |
| 除法 | divided by | 6 ÷ 2 = 3 → Six divided by two is three. |
三、常见易错点
| 易错点 | 错误 | 正确 |
|---|---|---|
| 序数词前漏 the | Today is first day. | Today is the first day. |
| 基数词后 hundred 加 s | two hundreds | two hundred |
| 日期表达错误 | May one | May first / May 1st |
| 分数分母不加 s | two third | two thirds |
| 序数词缩写错误 | 21th | 21st |
| 年份读法错误 | 2000 读作 two thousand | 2000 读作 two thousand ✓(正确) |
四、典型例题分析
例题1:基数词与序数词
题目:My son is __. Today is his ____ birthday. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve
答案:B. twelve; twelfth
解析:第一空表示年龄,用基数词 twelve;第二空表示"第十二个生日",用序数词 twelfth。
例题2:序数词前加 the
题目:Mother's Day is on the __ Sunday in ____. A. second; May B. third; May C. third; June
答案:A. second; May
解析:母亲节是五月的第二个星期日。序数词 second 前面有 the;五月是 May。
例题3:时间表达
题目:—What's the time now? —It's ______. A. ten past nine B. ten to nine C. half past ten
答案:根据具体时间选择。如果是 9:10 选 A;如果是 8:50 选 B;如果是 10:30 选 C。
解析:past 表示"过了",to 表示"差"。
例题4:数学运算
题目:Three plus two equals ______. A. four B. five C. six
答案:B. five
解析:3 + 2 = 5,plus 表示"加"。
例题5:hundred/thousand 的用法
题目:There are ______ students in our school. A. two thousands B. two thousand C. thousands
答案:B. two thousand
解析:hundred, thousand 前有具体数字时,不加 s。thousands of 表示"成千上万的",前面不能有具体数字。
例题6:分数表达
题目:______ of the students in our class are girls. A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Second three
答案:B. Two thirds
解析:分数表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母加 s。
五、速记口诀
基数词变序数词口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上 th; 一二三,特殊记,first, second, third; 八去 t,九去 e,f 来把 ve 替; 整十变 y 为 ie,th 前面加上去; 若是几十几,只变个位就可以。
时间表达口诀:
时间表达有两种,顺读逆读要分清; 顺读时后分在前,逆读分后时要加; 小于等于三十用 past,大于三十 to 来帮忙; 半点用 half,一刻用 quarter。
分数口诀:
分数表达很简单,分子基来分母序; 分子大于一,分母加上 s; 二分之一用 half,四分之一 quarter 也可以。